Atlantoaxial dislocation is more common in the upper neck trauma, failed to timely diagnosis and treatment often progression, oppressive cervical spinal life-threatening. Daily work, common due to insufficient understanding of imaging findings of atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation and lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, delay treatment. In view of this, accurate understanding of X-ray and CT manifestations, on five points of lateral atlantodental space , bilateral lateral shape and size in coranary plane, bilateral atlantoaxial lateral space, bilateral lateral joint relations, and atlanto-dental interval,? of the normal atlantoaxial vertebral neutral position, relative parallel translation and the normal rotation, the atlantoaxial dislocation in various types，help to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Given that all available guidelines for pulmonary nodule management are generally based on nodule size or changes, the standardization of nodule size measurements at CT is of great concern. The Fleischner Society put forward recommendations for measuring pulmonary nodules at CT at 2017, which introduced practical questions about nodule measurement that commonly arise in routine clinical practice and corresponding answers. The recommendations focused on the technical requirements for accurate nodule measurement, directions on how to accurately measure the size of nodules at the workstation, and how to report nodule size and changes in size. Finally, the areas of uncertainty were discussed, and topics needing future research were also highlighted. 

Rheumatic disease (RD) is a group of systemic diseases involving multiple systems, and its pathological change is chronic inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissue. Because 18F-FDG PET/CT can reveal functional and metabolic information, it can be used to semi-quantatively evaluate the severity and systemic involvement extent of the active RD and therapeutic effect at a molecular level. In this article the clinical application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluation of active RD, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, polymyalgia rheumatica, relapsing polychondritis, systemic vasculitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis and adult onset Still’s disease, were reviewed.

 The submandibular gland is the second largest salivary gland after the parotid gland, and the adjacent anatomical structure are complex and the disease entities are diverse. Imaging examination is an important auxiliary examination method, CT and MRI can be not only used to provide detailed anatomical information of the lesion, but also to effectively evaluate the nature of the lesion. New technologies such as CT and MR perfusion Imaging, dual energy CT, DWI and its derived sequences, and intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM) provide more information on differentiating benign from malignant tumors and tumor from infectious diseases. In this article, we reviewed the research progress of CT and MRI in the salivary gland lesions, to explore the possibility of applying new CT and MRI imaging techniques in the evaluation of submandibular gland.

关节损伤是骨肌系统的常见病变，多为暴力导致关节结构的撕裂，可致关节疼痛及功能障碍。稳固关节的结构不完整时可以导致关节不稳，甚至脱位。因此，对关节损伤的早期诊断和治疗至关重要。X线平片、X线关节造影、CT和MRI可用于该病的诊断，特别是CT关节成像、MR T2 mapping、超短回波时间序列成像和MR关节成像等影像新技术可以对损伤程度进行定量分析，并能够评估关节微结构损伤。就韧带、肌腱、关节盘与关节盂唇的正常解剖、损伤机制以及上述结构损伤和关节不稳或脱位的影像特点、研究进展及治疗方法等予以阐述。

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the root cause of ventricular remodeling and malignant arrhythmia. It eventually leads to the occurrence of major cardiac adverse events such as cardiac insufficiency and sudden death. Late gadolinium enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI) is a standard method in clinical setting for the detection of focal MF following myocardial infarction. T1 mapping has more advantages than LGE-MRI in the detection and quantitative evaluation of diffuse MF. Cardiac functional MRI such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to quantitatively assess myocardial micro-structures without using contrast media. DTI and DWI have shown great potentials in the detection of MF. This article reviews the progress of T1 mapping, DTI, DWI, and compare them with LGE-MRI.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most common primary neuroendocrine malignancy of the lung and is characterized by a rapid doubling time, easy metastasis in early stage and poor prognosis. CT is the most commonly examination method. Familiar with the CT features of SCLC is essential. MRI can better show the brain metastasis of SCLC. DWI can provide molecular level information in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SCLC. PET/CT is more accurate than CT in the clinical staging of SCLC, and it is better to evaluate the therapeutic effect and prognosis. The main treatment of SCLC is radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgery should be considered in patients with stageⅠ (T1-2, N0), can improve the survival rate of patients. In this paper we reviewed imaging findings and progress in treatment of SCLC.

Objective??? To investigate the performance of conventional MRI in the diagnosis of shoulder joint injury. Methods??? Retrospective analysis was performed on data from 55 patients with shoulder joint injury who had undergone conventional MRI and arthroscopy. The MRI indicators included the abnormal morphology and signal of rotator cuff and labrum, the impingement of the subacromion, and the bony injury. Using arthroscopy results as the golden standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI diagnosis were calculated. Kappa test was performed to test agreement between findings on conventional MRI and arthroscopy. Results??? On MRI, there were 25% showing partial rotator cuff tear, 13.3% Bankart’s damage, 20% SLAP damage and 11.6% undetected subacromial impingement. The specificity of MRI for the diagnosis of traumatic lesions and the sensitivity of full-thickness rotator cuff tear (100%), bone injury (100%), subacromial impingement (88%) and Bankart’s damage (87%) were high, but the sensitivity of SLAP injury (75%) and partial rotator cuff tear (75%) were low. The accuracy of MRI was highest in diagnosing full-thickness rotator cuff tear (100%) and bone injury (100%), followed by Bankart’s damage (96%), accuracy was least in diagnosing SLAP lesion (89%). The results were completely consistent between MRI and arthroscopy in diagnosing full-thickness rotator cuff tear and bone injury with kappa score 1, and showed good consistency for Bankart’s tear with kappa score 0.904. The kappa scores were relatively lower in diagnosis of partial rotator cuff tear, SLAP lesion and subacromial impingement, but all>0.75,the consistency was also good, respectively (P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion??? MRI is an effective imaging method for the diagnosis of shoulder joint injury, but the diagnostic accuracy of SLAP lesion and partial rotator cuff tear needs to be improved.

Objective??? To improve the ability in diagnosing the tumors involved the maxillary sinus region through exploring the imaging characteristics of three kinds of diseases. Methods? The clinical features, CT, and MRI appearances of neurofibroma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and ossifying fibroma involved the maxillary sinus were observed. The imaging similarities and differences were analyzed. Results??? Maxillary sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma showed unclear boundary and osteolytic bone destruction. MRI demonstrated heterogeneous signal on T1WI and T2WI, and heterogeneous enhancement. Neurofibroma at pterygopalatine fossa revealed clear boundary and compressive bony absorption in adjacent bone. MRI showed heterogeneous signal on T2WI, and heterogeneous enhancement. Ossifying fibroma showed clear boundary and expansile bony change with osseous shell. MRI revealed heterogeneous signal on T1WI and T2WI, and heterogeneous enhancement. Conclusions??? The bony change is the key point for differential diagnosing the tumors involved the maxillary sinus. The finial diagnosis relies on combining the clinical, CT, and MRI findings.

Objective The clinical and imaging features of granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity and sinus were analyzed to improve the diagnostic level of granulocytic sarcoma. Method The imaging findings of 3 cases of pathologically confirmed granulocytic sarcoma in the nasal cavity and sinus were reported and analyzed in combination with related literature. Result The CT of granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity and sinus showed equal density, infiltrative growth, and often involved adjacent structures, such as pharyngeal cavity, parapharyngeal, orbital and intracranial, etc., and the bone in the pathological area was damaged and absorbed without hardening change. MRI showed equal T1 and slightly longer T2 signals, with severe enhancement in enhanced scanning. Conclusion The possibility of granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in patients with multiple adjacent structures, bone destruction, and a history of leukemia.The history of leukemia is not clear, but the image is typical，should suggest to do relevant examination actively.Final confirmation still needs to be combined with medical history and pathology.

Liver?cancer?is?a?common?digestive?malignant?cancer.?Early?diagnosis?and?early?treatment?are?important?for?the?prognosis?of?the?patients?and?the?improvement?of?the?cure?rate.?As?an?advanced?imaging?technique,?spectral?CT?provides?plenty?of?information?for?the?diagnosis?with?the?advantages?of?high?scanning?speed,?multiple?imaging?parameters?and?low??radiation?dose,?hence?the?spectral?CT?has?been?rapidly?applied?in?recent?years.?In?this?review,?we?briefly?introduced?the?principle?of?spectral?CT,?and?summarized?the?research?progress?of?spectral?CT?in?the?diagnosis?of?liver?cancer.?Compared?to?the?previous?CT?techniques,?spectral?CT?can?provide?quantitative?measures?for?the?differential?diagnosis?of?liver?cancer,?and?is?a?new?tool?for?the?scientific?research?of?liver?cancer.

Objective    To evaluate the value of ultrasonic real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic fibrosis in rabbits. Methods    Models with normal and various degrees of NAFLD severity were conducted in sixty 8-week-old New Zealand white rabbits by feeding a standard diet and high fat diet. Liver elastic modulus values (mean value, minimum value, and maximum value) were determined by SWE, then rabbits were dissected, and the livers were used for histological evaluation. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was determined under light miscroscop, and based on NAFLD activity score (NAS), the final pathologic NAFLD diagnosis were considered as normal (NAS=0), simple steatosis (SS) (NAS=1 or 2), borderline (NAS=3 or 4) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (NAS≥5). Using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test to compare the differences in liver elastic modulus values among groups of NAFLD and different stages of liver fibrosis. The diagnostic accuracy of SWE in evaluating NAFLD severity and fibrosis stage was studied using ROC curve. Results    A total of 54 rabbits survived after the experiment. Among them, 11 rabbits were in normal group, 8 in SS group, 19 in borderline group and 16 in NASH group. In the stage of liver fibrosis, 32 rabbits were in stage S0, 7 in stage S1, 9 in stage S2, and 6 in stage S3. Taking mean value≥6.42 kPa as the diagnostic standard to differentiate normal rabbits from rabbits with NAFLD, and mean value≥8.64 kPa to differentiate SS from NASH, the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.759 and 0.969, respectively; the sensitivity and the specificity were 60.5% and 100%, respectively, for differentiating normal and NAFLD groups; and 93.8% and 87.5%, respectively, for differentiating SS and NASH group. For the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis ≥S1, ≥S2 and S3, the AUC of mean value were 0.910, 0.961, and 0.974, respectively. Taking mean value ≥6.53 kPa, ≥8.30 kPa, and ≥12.38 kPa as critical values to predict hepatic fibrosis≥S1, ≥S2 and S3, the sensitivity were 90.9%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; the specificity were 84.4%, 82.1%, and 89.6%, respectively. Conclusion    SWE has a value in evaluating the severity of NAFLD and staging NAFLD hepatic fibrosis. 

The development of fetal posterior fossa is an important part of routine pregnancy examination, and the accurate antenatal diagnosis is the key to postnatal intervention and treatment. Compared with ultrasound, MRI imaging provides more comprehensive and intuitive morphological characteristics and subtitle structure of posterior fossa.MRI can distinguish the characteristics of the lesion by the difference of signal intensity, and can further improve or correct the diagnosis of ultrasound.So far MRI has become the main tool of prenatal monitoring of the development of fetal posterior fossa,in particular,three dimensional recombination of magnetic resonance imaging、diffusion tensor imaging、diffusion tensor tractography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide more abundant information of the fetal posterior fossa structure. This review mainly focuses on the current clinical applications of MRI in prenatal diagnosis of fetal posterior fossa malformation.

Intracranial vessel wall imaging (VWI) is a new MR technique which can detect the lesions on the vessel wall, and it is valuable in making diagnose of cerebrovascular disease. Now many sequences are available in VWI. According to the plain and enhanced VWI, it can determine the location and activity of atherosclerotic plaque, assess the activity of CNS vasculitis, and make diagnoses of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), Moyamoya disease, arterial dissection and aneurysm. VWI can provide valuable signs for diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. We reviewed and summarized the principles of intracranial VWI and consensus recommendations for clinical practice which was formed by the American Society of Neuroradiology study group of VWI, and introduced the basic technology and clinical application of VWI.

Hyperintense vessel sign (HVS) is defined as focal, serpentine, or tubular hyperintensity relative to gray matter in the subarachnoid space or extending into the parenchyma on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images (FLAIR). HVS could be used for diagnosis of vascular stenosis or occlusion, prediction of ischemic penumbra, and evaluation of clinical outcome. HVS is time-dependent sign, often occurring in early stage of acute cerebral infarction. The degree or location of the artery stenosis can slowdown cerebral artery flow velocity in various degrees. When flow velocity decreases into a certain range, the HVS becomes prominent. The level of collateral circulation and other clinical related factors can affect collateral flow velocity, and the slow retrograde flow is also another important factor affecting HVS. MRI scanning parameters can affect the presentation of HVS on FLAIR. 

 Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a set of precise structures at the ulnar side of wrist with complex structure and function. MRI offers high soft tissue contrast and has advantages in showing the normal structure and damage classification of TFCC. This article reviews the normal anatomy of TFCC, MR examination technique, normal MR appearances of TFCC, damage classification of TFCC and the diagnostic value of MR in TFCC injury.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a MR imaging technology based on the gradient echo sequence. QSM reflects the difference of magnetic susceptibility between tissues by combining the magnetic map with the phase map. QSM can be quantitatively analyzed on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and it has obvious advantages in detecting microvessels, mornitoring blood oxygen saturation, quantifying iron deposition, and identifying calcification and bleeding by measuring the susceptibility of tissues. QSM has been extensively applied in iron metabolism disease, intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumors and cerebrovascular diseases, it has also been used in the study of abdomen, joints and cartilage, cardiovascular and other systems. This paper introduces the principle and advantages of QSM and its clinical applications.

T1 mapping technology can directly reflect cardiomyopathy by measuring the T1 value of myocardial tissue, which can be used to diagnose diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the early stage of the disease and help to show the late diffuse lesions of common myocardial diseases. This article introduces the basic principle and scanning sequence of T1 mapping technique, and reviews its application progress in evaluating diffuse myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and heart failure with ejection fraction retention.

In the CT examination of thyroid calcified lesions, the size, shape and distribution of calcificationit are useful to distinguish between benignancy and malignancy, especially for the coarse calcification and thick-walled annular calcification which can not be well detected in ultrasound examination. In the daily work, accurate identification for the benignancy and malignancy of thyroid calcified lesions is essential for early surgical treatment for the malignant thyroid lesions, and reducing unnecessary surgical trauma in the patients with benign lesions.

  影像学在急性缺血性脑卒中的诊疗中不可或缺，其主要作用是评估脑损伤的范围及指导治疗。一般以快速的平扫CT作为卒中早期初筛手段，运用Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分判断缺血范围。影像学中的缺血半暗带提示存在可挽救的脑组织，灌注加权成像/扩散加权成像、CT灌注成像等多种影像方法均可观察到缺血半暗带，指导积极的血管再通治疗。同时，对急性脑血管病病人侧支循环状况的影像评估也是非常重要的，除金标准数字减影血管造影外，多期相CT血管成像、动脉自旋标记等方法均有一定的诊断价值。血管再通治疗后也需要注重影像学监测，警惕再灌注损伤。

Objective    To retrospectively investigate the value of breast MRI in evaluation of  breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 4-5 mammographic microcalcifications. Methods    The clinicopathologic and radiological data of 118 patients (mean age, 46.6±9.3 years; range 27-66 years) who were confirmed by biopsy or surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. All mammography and MR images were reviewed with BI-RADS. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the lesions were measured on the ADC maps of diffusion-weighted imaging, and the tumor sizes were measured on mammography, MRI, and pathology, respectively. The comparison between the two groups was performed with chi-square test or t-test. The tumor sizes measured on mammography, MRI and pathology were compared using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Using histopathological diagnosis as the golden standard, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated on the basis of BI-RADS category. The diagnostic efficacy was evaluated with ROC curve. Z test was used to compare the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of mammography and MRI in the diagnosis of microcalcification. The association and consistency of lesion sizes acquired by mammography, MRI, and pathology were assessed by Spearman rank correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Results    Of the 119 lesions, 46 were benign and 73 were malignant. There were significant differences in the morphology, distribution of microcalcifications, and ADC between benign and malignant lesions (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of mammography and MRI were 84.93%, 32.61%, 64.71%, 66.67% and 57.59%, and 95.89%, 71.74%, 86.55%, 84.34%, and 91.67%, respectively. The AUC of MRI assessment was larger than that of mammography (P<0.05). The tumor sizes measured on mammography and MRI were larger than that on pathology (P<0.05). The sizes of tumors measured on mammography and MRI showed moderate correlation with the measurements obtained on pathology (rs=0.602, rs=0.603, P<0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed that compared with pathological results, mammography and MRI overestimated the tumor sizes, and the consistencies were not good enough. Conclusions    In the evaluation of BI-RADS 4-5 mammographic microcalcifications, breast MR imaging provides additional information with high sensitivity and NPV. Both MRI and mammography overestimate tumor sizes.

 Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. The important factors, such as early and accurately diagnosis, and correct evaluation of its invasiveness, affect the prognosis. Many molecular imaging technologies, including ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide imaging and optical molecular imaging, play important roles in diagnosis, subtype diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. Moreover, ultrasound-targeted microbubble therapy and optical molecular imaging guided surgery, are expected to become a new treatment method for breast cancer. In this article we reviewed and summarized the application of molecular imaging in breast cancer.

 Iterative model reconstruction (IMR) establishes image statistics and data statistics models during its iterative cycle and achieves image optimization by repeatedly correcting the differences between scan model and acquired data. IMR can significantly reduce image noise, improve image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio for head and neck CTA, and increase the diagnostic confidence of atherosclerosis and aneurysm. IMR can also increase sensitivity in detecting hyperdense artery sign in the early ischemic stroke, significantly reduce the radiation dose in CT perfusion and the iodine load of patients. In this paper, the progress of application of iterative model reconstruction technology in head and neck CT angiography was reviewed.

With the rapid development of computed tomography（ＣＴ）, the application of coronary CT angiography （ＣＣＴＡ） become more and more popular. However, it is important to use the standardized radiology terminology and evaluation contents in the diagnostic reports. The purposes of this paper were to interpret Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System（ＣＡＤ－ＲＡＤＳ） of Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography（ＳＣＣＴ）, to introduce the standardized radiology terminology and evaluation contents, and to provide useful information for therapy planning and prediction of therapy response.

Objective    To investigate relevant MRI imaging features for posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS). Methods    This retrospective study was conducted in 117 patients with clinically suspected PAIS on MRI examinations between April 2016 and May 2017, including 62 males and 55 females, age 17~72 years, average age 40.4±12.2 years. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence factors in the diagnosis of PAIS, including os trigonum, os trigonum marrow edema, os trigonum cystic change or/and hardening, stieda’s process long, stieda’s process marrow edema, stieda’s process cystic change or/and hardening, posterior ankle synovial inflammation, posterior ankle effusion, talus edge marrow edema, flexor hallucis longus tendon effusion, posterior ankle soft tissue swelling of 11 image signs. Results    Forty one(35.0%) of 117 patients were clinically diagnosed with PAIS, including os trigonum in 24 cases, os trigonum marrow edema in 13 cases, os trigonum cystic change or/and hardening in 3 cases, stieda’s process long in 17 cases, stieda’s process marrow edema in 7 cases, stieda’s process cystic change or/and hardening in 1 cases, posterior ankle synovial inflammation in 38 cases, posterior ankle effusion in 40 cases, talus edge marrow edema in 12 cases, flexor hallucis longus tendon effusion in 14 cases, posterior ankle soft tissue swelling in 10 cases. Single factor logistic regression analysis showed the differences in edema at os trigonum and os trigonum marrow were statistically significance (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the difference in edema at os trigonum marrow was statistically significance [OR 0.302 (95%CI: 0.108~0.839), P=0.022]. Conclusion    Os trigonum marrow edema is an influential factor in the diagnosis of PAIS, os trigonum marrow edema highly suggests the patient has PAIS.

 Objective    To analyze and summarize the clinical features of bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula in children, and to evaluate the performance of computer tomography angiography（CTA）and the diagnostic-therapeutic values of interventional radiology in management of the disease entity. Methods    The clinical and imaging data of 5 children (3 males and 2 females, median age of 8.6 years) who presented hemoptysis due to bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula were collected. The CTA signs and diagnostic-therapeutic values of interventional radiology were analyzed. Results    The CTA showed unilateral or bilateral bronchial artery tortuosity and expansion in all cases, visible traffic vessels from bronchial arteries to pulmonary arteries in 3 cases; the corresponding lung field showed consolidation or grinding glass density. DSA can be used to embolize bronchial artery after displaying the shape of abnormal traffic vessels and the location of the fistula. Conclusion    For children with repeated hemoptysis, CTA useful in detecting bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula and further guiding interventional therapy.

With the maturation and growth of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)/transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), CT imaging has been integrated into TAVI/TAVR, it has tremendous significance in preprocedural planning and post-procedural follow-up. Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) put forward expert consensus on CT imaging in the context of TAVI/TAVR in 2019. It is a standardized guidance from technology to report in CT imaging.

 Objective    To investigate the application value of 3D high resolution imaging sequences combined with magnetic resonance virtual endoscopy(MRVE) in preoperative assessment of trigeminal neuralgia in a 3.0 T MRI system. Methods    The data of 40 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed retrospectively. All of patients underwent the microvascular decompression (MVD) during April 2016 to December 2017. There were 21 males and 19 females, between 37-86 years old, with an average age of 59.6±2.2 years. All patients conducted three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution MR imaging, including fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with phase cycling (FIESTA-c) and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) in a 3.0 T MRI system, and data were reconstructed using MRVE. The χ2 test was used to compare the positive rate of the responsible vessels judged on 3D high-resolution imaging and 3D high-resolution imaging + MRVE, using operation results as the golden standard. Results    The positive rate on 3D high-resolution imaging sequence + MRVE (95%, 38/40) was significantly higher than on the pure 3D high-resolution imaging sequence (85%,34/40) (χ2=1.826, P=0.04). The responsible vessels were identified in all 40 patients during operation, including compression by artery in 33 patients (82.5%), simple venous in 3 patients (7.5%), and both artery and venous in 4 cases (10%). The detection rate of arterial compression by two imaging methods was 100%. The detection rate of venous and arteriovenous compression by 3D high resolution-imaging + MRVE (71.4%, 5/7) was higher than by the pure 3D high-resolution imaging (14.3%, 1/7). Conclusion    MR 3D high-resolution imaging sequence combined with MRVE technology may effectively display the 3D space between responsible vessels and nerves, and provide important value for the etiological diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia.

Pericardial adipose tissue is the fat around the coronary artery and the heart. The epicardial adipose tissue and perivascular adipose tissue are part of the pericardial adipose tissue, which are closely connected with the cardiovascular system and participate in the important pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).Currently, cardiac ultrasound, CT, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) and radiomics can be used to non-invasively detect changes in pericardial adipose tissue.This article reviews the biological mechanism of pericardial fat participating in CVD,the progression of pericardial adipose tissue imaging technology，and its clinical application in evaluation of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure.