The changes of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) could dynamically reflect the activity of coronary artery inflammation, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Parameters such as PCAT attenuation and radiomics detected by coronary CT examination could noninvasively evaluate coronary artery inflammation, which is of great significance for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the research progressof PCAT imaging on coronary CT examination.

Objective To compare the differences in iron deposition within deep gray matter nuclei of the normal human brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 7 T and 3 T magnetic field strengths. Methods Ten healthy young volunteers without neurological diseases were prospectively recruited, with an average age of (22±3) years. QSM data were collected using 7 T and 3 T MRI scans. The STI-suite algorithm was used for QSM post-processing. Twelve regions of interest (ROIs), including the bilateral red nucleus, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus head, and thalamus, were manually delineated, and the magnetic susceptibility values of the gray matter nuclei were measured. The nuclei were divided into high-susceptibility and low-susceptibility groups based on the average susceptibility value of all nuclei on 7 T QSM. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare the susceptibility differences of the same nuclei at the two magnetic field strengths. Linear regression models and Bland-Altman plots were used to analyze the fit and consistency of quantitative susceptibility values of different nuclei at the two magnetic field strengths. Results The overall magnetic susceptibility values of the gray matter nuclei measured at 3 T were higher than those at 7 T (P<0.05). In the high-susceptibility group (red nucleus, substantia nigra, globus pallidus), the susceptibility values of each nucleus and the overall results measured at 3 T were higher than those at 7 T (P<0.05). In the low-susceptibility group (caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus), there was no statistically significant difference in susceptibility values between the two field strengths for each nucleus and the overall results (P>0.05). Linear regression results showed a good fit for overall susceptibility values of nuclei (R²=0.954) and susceptibility values of each nucleus (R²=0.803-0.936) at the two field strengths. Bland-Altman plot analysis showed higher consistency in susceptibility values of each nucleus in the low-susceptibility group compared to the high-susceptibility group. The susceptibility values between the two field strengths of low-susceptibility group showed higher fit (R²=0.995) and consistency than the high-susceptibility group (R²=0.862). Conclusion There is high consistency in the susceptibility values of low-susceptibility nuclei measured at 7 T and 3 T field strengths, while there is greater variation in high-susceptibility nuclei. The influence of field strength on quantitative iron deposition in tissues with different susceptibility should be considered when performing QSM assessments.

High-resolution CT (HRCT) is currently the primary method for polymyositis/dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (PM/DM-ILD). Its imaging features highly consistent with the pathological classification of interstitial lung disease and are crucial for monitoring disease progression. The HRCT imaging characteristics, combined with myositis-specific antibodies and the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, provide valuable insights for predicting disease progression and prognosis. Additionally, artificial intelligence plays a significant role in rapidly identifying PM/DM-ILD patients with poor prognosis. This article reviews HRCT manifestations and explores the application value of HRCT in assessing disease progression and prognosis of PM/DM-ILD patients.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common acute abdominal diseases. Conventional CT, as the preferred imaging modality for AP patients, plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis, assessment of severity, and prognosis evaluation of AP. Dual-energy CT, which enables multi-parameter quantitative analysis and reflects pancreatic perfusion, serves as an important supplement to conventional CT. Radiomics, by extracting imaging features that are imperceptible to the naked eye through high-throughput methods, can reveal lesion heterogeneity, providing a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of AP. This article reviews the progress in the application of conventional CT, dual-energy CT, and radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of AP.

7 T MRI significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution of knee joint imaging, enabling ultra-high resolution imaging and functional metabolism imaging. By measuring different components within bones, articular cartilage, meniscus, and ligament, it can effectively assess the degree of osteoporosis, detect cartilage and meniscal injuries at an earlier stage, and evaluate post-injury repair. This provides a strong basis for early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and meniscus injury. This review summarizes the research progress of 7 T MRI in knee joint pathology.

Radiation-induced cognitive impairment (RICI) is one of the main symptoms of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). Currently, multimodal MRI techniques have been used in the study of RICI, including structural MRI, diffusion MRI, resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), etc. These techniques can elucidate the neural mechanisms of RICI from the perspectives of brain structure, function, and microvasculature, providing new insights for drug development and early intervention. This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms of RIBI and the MRI research progress of RICI.

Cancer neuroscience, a rapidly developing emerging research field, warrants consideration of how to utilize medical imaging techniques to delve deeper into the interplay between the nervous system and cancer. This article provides a brief overview of recent studies on the use of medical imaging in cancer neuroscience. Based on existing research results, future research ideas are proposed to promote the further development of relevant research, and enhance the accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, and early assessment of its prognosis is critical. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows multimodal imaging of the heart and great vessels, including balanced steady-state free-flow (SSFP) sequence, feature tracking (FT) technique, T₁ mapping, and four-dimensional flow (4D Flow), which can measure the volume and function of the cardiac chambers and provide information on the extent of myocardial fibrosis and hemodynamics. Artificial intelligence technologies such as imaging histology and deep learning further improve the accuracy and efficiency of the assessment and provide a reliable prognostic basis for clinical intervention. The progress of the clinical application of CMR in the prognosis of PH patients is reviewed.

Photon-counting CT (PCD-CT), compared to conventional CT, offers higher spatial resolution, lower radiation dose, reduced use of iodine contrast agents, and superior image quality, and it has gradually been introduced into clinical practice. PCD-CT demonstrates advantages across various body systems, particularly in the detailed imaging of coronary artery stenosis, plaque composition, and stents. By reviewing foreign literature and current domestic exploration of PCD-CT applications, the prospects for its clinical research and application in China are discussed.

Objective To explore the differences in the morphological characteristics of lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerotic stenosis using ultra-high-field 7 T time-of-flight MR angiography (7 T TOF MRA). Methods This prospective study continuously included 39 patients diagnosed with unilateral MCA M1 segment stenosis, with an average age of 54.36±2.05 years, 31 cases were male (79.49%). Patients were divided into symptomatic (19 cases, 48.72%) and asymptomatic groups (20 cases, 51.28%) based on their symptoms. According to the degree of MCA M1 stenosis, patients were further subdivided into non-severe and severe stenosis subgroups. The symptomatic group had 11 cases of non-severe stenosis and 8 cases of severe stenosis, while the asymptomatic group had 10 cases of non-severe stenosis and 10 cases of severe stenosis. One physician assessed the LSA morphological indicators, including the number of trunks, number of branches, length, and tortuosity of the LSAs, on both hemispheres of the brain using 7 T TOF MRA images. Clinical data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in LSA morphology between the groups and subgroups, and a paired t-test was used to compare the morphological differences between the affected and unaffected sides within the subgroups. Result The symptomatic group showed a reduction in both the number of LSA branches and tortuosity (both P<0.05). In the asymptomatic group with severe stenosis, the number of LSA branches on the affected side was greater than on the unaffected side (P<0.05). In the symptomatic group, the number of LSA branches and the length of the LSA on the affected side were smaller than those on the unaffected side. Among patients with severe stenosis in the symptomatic group, the tortuosity of the LSA on the affected side was smaller than that on the unaffected side (both P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in other morphological indicators of LSA between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Symptomatic MCA M1 segment stenosis leads to a reduction in the number of branches and the shortening of LSAs on the affected side, whereas severe stenosis does not necessarily reduce the number of LSA branches.

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a significant etiology of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in Asian populations. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and assessment of ICAD. 7 T ultra-high field MR offers excellent resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, allowing for better visualization and assessment of cerebrovascular lesions. It also enables in vivo imaging of small blood vessels, offering new directions for ICAD research. This review summarizes the application and research advancements of 7 T MR intracranial vascular imaging techniques in ICAD.

Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by high recurrence rate and extremely poor prognosis. Neural remodeling is a complex and sophisticated adaptive response of the brain during gliomas growth. Understanding neural remodeling in the brain is crucial for improving the quality of life and extending the survival time of glioma patients. Utilizing high-resolution three-dimensional T₁-weighted imaging (3D T₁WI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI), combined with advanced imaging analysis methods, can explore the structural and functional plasticity in glioma patients and the related mechanisms. This review summarizes the research on structural and functional remodeling in glioma patients using various MRI techniques and provides an outlook on future research directions.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the head and neck. Dual-energy CT (DECT) can be used to observe the morphological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and further evaluate the functional changes of affected tissues through virtual monoenergetic images, virtual non-contrast images, iodine maps, and other post-processed images. Currently, the application of DECT in HNSCC is primarily focused on laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This paper reviews the research progress of DECT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, staging, pathological grading, prognosis prediction, efficacy evaluation, and recurrence diagnosis of HNSCC.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) significantly impacts the life quality of cancer patients, and its neurobiological mechanism have garnered widespread attention. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including structural MRI, functional MRI, arterial spin labeling (ASL), and magnetic resonance spectrum (MRS), can reflect the structural, functional, metabolic, and perfusion information of the brain, revealing the imaging mechanisms of the effects of chemotherapy drugs on cognitive function. Commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, including anthracyclines, non-anthracyclines, and platinum-based compounds, can induce CRCI. This paper briefly reviews the potential molecular biology mechanisms of CRCI induced by different chemotherapy drugs, and summarizes the research progress of multimodal MRI technology in the structural and functional changes of the CRCI patients’ brain.

Objective To explore the differences in MRI features among different clinical subtypes of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to analyze the correlation between MRI features and clinical scores. Methods MRI images and clinical data from 55 children with JIA, aged 1-14 years (mean age 8.1±4.1 years), were retrospectively collected. The children were divided into four clinical subtypes: systemic (12 cases), polyarthritic (17 cases), oligoarthritic(16 cases), and enthesities-related arthritis(ERA) (10 cases). MRI features, such as synovial hyperplasia and bone marrow edema in both large and small joints, were observed, and bone marrow edema and synovial hyperplasia were scored. One-way ANOVA, Welch test or Chi-square test were used to compare clinical data and imaging features among the four groups. Pearson test or Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between imaging features and clinical scores. Results Among the 55 children, 35 had synovial hyperplasia and 33 had bone marrow edema. There were significant differences in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), HLA-B27, and foot/ankle involvement among the four subtypes (P<0.05). The oligoarthritic subtype had a significantly higher proportion of foot/ankle involvement compared to the systemic and ERA subtypes (all P<0.05), while other clinical subtypes did not show specific joint involvement. The incidence of synovial hyperplasia was higher in polyarthritic and oligoarthritic patients, while bone marrow edema was more common in the ERA patients. The systemic patients mostly showed only joint effusion (all P<0.05). Comparison of joint scores among the four subtypes revealed that ERA patients had higher bone marrow edema scores in large joints, while polyarthritic and oligoarthritic patients had higher scores for small joints (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in synovial hyperplasia scores (all P>0.05). In large joint, the scores of bone marrow edema were positively correlated with ESR, C-reaction protein(CRP), and age, and the scores of synovial hyperplasia were positively correlated with age and symptom duration (all P<0.05). In small joints, bone marrow edema scores were positively correlated with ESR and CRP (all P<0.05). Conclusion The affected joints and MRI features in JIA patients vary between clinical subtypes, and the severity of joint lesions is highly correlated with clinical indexes.

Objective Utilizing 7 T MRI to study the correlation between enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, and to explore the diagnosing value of EPVS measured with 7 T MRI. Methods Fourteen patients clinically diagnosed with PD (PD group) were prospectively included in the study. Their motor symptoms were evaluated using the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging and the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS). Additionally, 17 healthy controls (HC group) were included. Both groups underwent 7 T MRI examinations, and the EPVS in the centrum semiovale and basal ganglia were analyzed on T₂WI and T₂-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, with EPVS counted and scored. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences in the number and scores of EPVS in the centrum semiovale and basal ganglia between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess the correlation between the scores and number of EPVS in the centrum semiovale and basal ganglia and the motor symptom scores in PD patients. Results The PD group had a higher number of EPVS in the basal ganglia region and higher EPVS scores in the centrum semiovale than the HC group (both P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the H-Y stage and the number of EPVS in the basal ganglia region in PD patients (r=0.242, P<0.001). No correlation was found between other motor symptom scores and EPVS numbers or scores (all P>0.05). Conclusions EPVS were more numerous in PD patients than in healthy controls on 7 T MRI. The motor symptoms positively correlated with the number of EPVS in the basal ganglia in PD patients, suggesting that EPVS measured on 7 T MRI could potentially serve as an imaging biomarker for PD.

Objective To explore the cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) imaging features of phyllodes tumor of the breast (PTB) at different pathological grades, aiming to enhance the diagnostic ability for this disease. Methods A total of 33 female patients with PTB confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively collected, with a mean age of 44.9±11.5 years. All patients underwent CBBCT examination before surgery, and the imaging features of PTB were analyzed, measuring the maximum diameter, CT value, and the enhancement rate of the lesions, and the time-density curve (TDC) was plotted. Based on pathological grades, the patients were divided into a benign group (15 cases) and a malignant group (18 cases). Kappa test and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to analyze the consistency of subjective assessment and quantitative measurements by two radiologists. The Fisher exact test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the CBBCT imaging features and enhancement parameters of PTB at different pathological grades. Results There was a high consistency between the two radiologists in the imaging feature analysis and parameter measurements of PTB with different pathological grades (Kappa=0.761-0.939, ICC=0.805-0.983, all P<0.05). Compared with the benign group, the malignant group had a higher proportion of lesions with blurred boundary and tumor vessel sign, higher CT value in the first enhanced phase, and lower enhancement rates in the second enhancement stage (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the other CBBCT imaging features between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion PTB at different pathological grades have certain characteristics on CBBCT imaging. Differentiation can be made based on boundary, tumor vessel sign, the CT value in the first enhanced phase, and the enhancement rate in the second enhancement stage.

Objective To explore the longitudinal changes in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume after one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. Method A total of 51 female breast cancer patients (NAC group) with an average age of (48.73±9.02) years old who planned to receive NAC were enrolled prospectively. At the same time, 50 female healthy controls (HC group) were included, with an average age of (49.66±11.53) years old. Patients in the NAC group received brain MR scans and neuropsychological tests at baseline and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. They were divided into younger group (<49 years old) and older group (≥49 years old) based their age. The HC group received the same assessment as the breast cancer patients at baseline. According to the distance between WMH and lateral ventricle, WMH was divided into juxtaventricular WMH, periventricular WMH, deep WMH, and juxtacortical WMH. The comparison of WMH volume and neuropsychological test scores between the two groups at baseline was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the longitudinal changes in WMH volume and neuropsychological tests scores before and after chemotherapy in the NAC group, older group, and younger group. For the brain regions with statistically significant differences in WMH volume before and after chemotherapy in the NAC group, Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between changes in WMH volume and changes in neuropsychological tests scores. Results There was no significant difference in WMH volume and neuropsychological tests scores between NAC group and HC group at baseline(all P>0.05 ). After chemotherapy, the FACT-Cog, PCA, and PCI scores in the NAC group were lower than those at baseline (all P<0.05). The volume of juxtaventricular WMH, periventricular WMH, deep WMH, and total WMH in all NAC patients and older group after chemotherapy increased compared with baseline (all P<0.05 ). In the younger group, there was no significant difference in the volume of WMH in each brain region after chemotherapy compared with baseline (all P>0.05). In the NAC group, the change in the volume of periventricular WMH after chemotherapy was positively correlated with the change in time taken for the Trail Making Test Part A(TMT-A) (ρ=0.446, P=0.001). Conclusions The volume of juxtaventricular WMH, periventricular WMH, deep WMH, and total WMH volume increase significantly in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy. The increase in periventricular WMH volume may be related to a decrease in executive function. Additionally, chemotherapy has a greater effect on the volume of WMH in patients over 49 years old.

Objective To investigate the value of the 2018 Liver Image Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS v2018) and other imaging features based on preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in predicting vascular encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) and microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constructing a predictive model and assessing its risk stratification capability. Methods This study retrospectively included 232 HCC patients who underwent curative liver resection. Based on the VETC and MVI status, patients were categorized into the VETC and MVI positive HCC group [VM (+) group] (46 patients) and the VETC or MVI negative HCC group [non-VM (+) group] (186 patients). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of VM (+) HCC and to construct a combined model. The predictive efficacy of single predictors and the combined model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. The predictor or model with the highest AUC was selected for survival analysis, and a statistical cutoff value for predictive probability was set based on the maximum Yoden index of the ROC curve to categorize HCC patients into high and low risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and early recurrence (ER) between the high-risk and low-risk groups, as well as between VM(+) and non-VM(+) HCC patients. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor size, peritumoral enhancement during the arterial phase, and peritumoral hypointensity during the hepatobilary phase were independent predictors of VM(+) HCC. The combined model incorporating these three factors achieved an AUC of 0.792, with sensitivity of 80.4% and specificity of 74.2%. DeLong's test showed that the AUC of the combined model for predicting VM (+) HCC was higher than that of any single predictor (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated the RFS was shorter and the ER risk was higher in the VM(+) group compared to the non-VM(+) group, and similarly,the high-risk group predicted by the combined model had shorter RFS and higher ER risk than the low-risk group (P<0.05). Conclusion The combined model based on tumor size, peritumoral enhancement during the arterial phase, and peritumoral hypointensity during the hepatobilary phase can be used for preoperative prediction of VM(+) HCC. The coexistence of VETC and MVI is associated with an increased risk of ER and decreased RFS following HCC resection.

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are among the most common adverse reactions during Aβ monoclonal antibody treatment for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a crucial tool tool for monitoring the occurrence of ARIA and assessing its severity throughout the treatment process. This paper provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms of ARIA, its imaging manifestations, and severity grading. Additionally, a comprehensive standard MRI examination protocol and monitoring workflow are proposed based on clinical practice experience. The study also highlights the critical role of imaging monitoring in guiding clinical medication for AD patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of a predictive model constructed based on the radiomic features of digital X-ray images and combined with routine clinical information for distinguishing between benign and malignant nature of peripheral bone tumors of knee joint. Methods Preoperative X-ray images and clinical data of 433 patients with benign and malignant bone tumors around the knee joint confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively collected. According to the WHO bone tumor classification, patients were divided into benign group (303 cases) and malignant group (130 cases). Patients were randomly divided into training set (303 cases) and test set (130 cases) in a 7:3 ratio. ITK-SNAP software was used to manually outline the region of interest (ROI) in the lesion area on the preoperative frontal and lateral knee X-ray images and extract radiomic features. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm was utilized for feature selection. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers were used to construct radiomic models and combined prediction models integrating clinical information. The predictive efficacy of each model was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject operating characteristic (ROC), and the DeLong test was used to compare the differences in predictive efficacy between the models. SHAP values were utilized to assess the importance of each feature included in the models for diagnostic outcomes. Results The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of the malignant group was higher than that of the benign group, and the joint mobility was more restricted than that of the benign group (both P<0.05). ESR and joint mobility were used as clinical features. Based on the six classifiers, the radiomic model (18 radiomic features) and the combined prediction model (16 radiomic features and two clinical features) were constructed. The diagnostic efficacy of all the radiomic and combined model built by the six classifiers were high (all AUC>0.8), and the highest AUC value (0.905) observed for the XGB combined model. The results of DeLong test showed that the AUC values of the combined XGB, LR, and SVM models were higher than those of the corresponding radiomic models (all P< 0.05),indicating that the XGB combined model had the optimal performance. SHAP values indicated that the gray-level dependence matrix (GLDM) among the radiomic features provided significant predictive information for the model. Conclusion A combined XGB model based on knee X-ray radiomic features and clinical features can effectively distinguish benign and malignant bone tumors preoperatively.

Objective To investigation the application value of the cinematic volume rendering technique (cVRT) based on contrast enhanced three dimensional T₁ magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (CE-3D T₁MPRAGE) in preoperative evaluation of parasagittal meningioma(PSM). Methods This retrospective study included 108 patients with solitary PSM confirmed by surgical pathology, all of whom completed CE-3D T₁MPRAGE and MR venography (MRV) examinations. The cerebral venous system and PSM were visualized using cVRT based on CE-3D T₁MPRAGE. The Sindou classification of PSM was performed using cVRT, and its diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. The sagittal sinus wall and sinus angles adjacent to the tumor were measured, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the sagittal sinus angles of PSMs with different Sindou classifications. The display of PSM draining veins and collateral circulation on cVRT and MRV was observed, and McNemar’s test was used to compare the display rates of the two examinations. Result The diagnostic accuracy of cVRT for Sindou classification of PSM was 89.81%, with high sensitivity (94.88%, 100%) and specificity (85.45%, 91.03%) for type Ⅰ and type Ⅵ, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in multiple sagittal sinus angles between type Ⅴand type Ⅰwithin Sindou types (P<0.05). The display rates of peritumoral draining veins and superficial venous collaterals on cVRT (98.14%, 91.67%) were higher than those on MRV (74.07%, 78.70%), but the display rate of deep venous collaterals on cVRT (54.36%) was lower than that on MRV (85.18%) (all P<0.05). Conclusion cVRT imaging based on CE-3D T₁MPRAGE can accurately classify PSM according to Sindou, effectively displaying peritumoral draining veins and superficial venous collaterals, providing more accurate references for surgery.

Objective To explore the imaging features of Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) syndrome to enhance understanding of the disease and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis of CT and MRI manifestations was conducted in a case of VHL syndrome with right ear purulent otorrhea as the initial manifestation. Results The case revealed involvement of multiple organs and systems. CT scan of the ear and mastoid showed soft tissue and diffuse bone destruction in the right petrous part of the temporal bone and mastoid. Plain and enhanced MRI exhibited mixed signal on T₁WI, with heterogeneous and significant enhancement. Additionally, CT scan depicted calcification in the left eye ring and vitreous body, along with irregular soft tissue in the eyeball which was significantly enhancement on enhanced MRI. Plain and enhanced MRI of the cervical spine showed a cystic and solid mass in the dorsal medulla oblongata, and the solid component showed disc-shaped obvious enhancement, accompanied by spinal degeneration and syringomyelia. Enhanced CT of the abdomen showed the right renal mass was heterogeneously enhanced, as well as significant enhancement of the bilateral adrenal glands and pancreatic nodules. Conclusion VHL syndrome may initially present with ear symptoms, and clinicians should consider the possibility of this disease when ear lesions are observed alongside other organ pathologies. Utilizing a combination of CT and MRI imaging modalities can facilitate the early diagnosis of VHL syndrome.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with diverse subtypes and treatment options, making early diagnosis and classification critical. Dual-energy CT (DECT) enhances material differentiation by utilizing two distinct X-ray energy levels. The iodine density maps generated through post-processing provide clear visualization of breast cancer lesions and the extent of internal duct expansion. Additionally, DECT yields multiple parameters that aid in molecular typing, as well as in predicting metastasis, prognosis, and treatment efficacy for breast cancer. This article reviews the application and research progress of DECT in breast cancer.

Objective To explore the clinical value using multiple imaging techniques to diagnose uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics and imaging findings of one case of UAVM with concurrent abnormal right ovarian venous drainage, confirmed by surgical pathology. Relevant literature was also reviewed. Results Two-dimensional ultrasound revealed heterogeneous echoes in the myometrium with multiple tortuous strips of anechoic areas. Color doppler ultrasound indicated abundant blood flow signals within the anechoic areas. Spectral doppler ultrasound demonstrated both arterial and venous spectral waveforms. Pelvic CT scan showed no apparent abnormalities. However, pelvic CT angiography showed multiple tortuous and dilated malformed vessels within the uterus, supplied by the bilateral internal iliac arteries; additionally, bilateral ovarian veins were enlarged, with the right ovarian vein draining into the right renal vein at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. Volume reproduction (VR) and maximum density projection (MIP) imaging showed enlarged and dilated bilateral draining veins. Pelvic MRI scan presented an enlarged uterus with irregular mixed-signal opacities, primarily iso/hypointense on T₁WI and mixed hyperintense on T₂WI, accompanied by tortuous and dilated flow void vessels and patchy hyperintense hemorrhagic foci within the lesions. Moreover, pelvic time-spatial labeling inversion puise (Time-SLIP) non-contrast angiography showed hyperintensity in the distal arterial blood components supplying the UAVM. Conclusion Combined multiple imaging techniques could visualize the rare abnormal drainage patterns and aid in the assessment of UAVM, moreover Time-SLIP non-contrast angiography can clearly depict arterial blood components in the distal arteries supplying the malformed vascular mass, providing valuable guidelines for subsequent interventional and surgical treatments.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a tool for evaluating multi-organ impairment due to liver cirrhosis, enables precise identification of microstructural abnormalities and effective evaluation of organ function. When combined with clinical and laboratory indicators, MRI facilitates monitoring of disease progression and treatment efficacy, supporting the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the current applications of MRI in diagnosing and managing multi-organ damage resulting from liver cirrhosis, highlighting advancements and value of both conventional and functional MRI in monitoring disease, evaluating treatment effectiveness, and predicting long-term outcomes for hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis-related injury, and hepatocardiac syndrome. Finally, it discusses future directions for development.

Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are an extremely early manifestation of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum, associated with changes in specific brain structures. In recent years, a variety of MRI techniques have been used in the study of SMC, including structural MRI (sMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI). These techniques can be used to evaluate SMC by measuring grey matter volume, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load, as well as a wide range of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters, kurtosis parameters, and free water volume fraction (FWVF). The research progress of sMRI and dMRI in SMC is reviewed to provide a basis for the early identification and intervention of SMC.

Objective To summarize the imaging features of axial bone lesions in ankylosing spondylitis(AS), analyze the injury characteristics and imaging manifestations of spinal fractures in patients with AS, and improve the understanding of the disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the X-ray, CT, and MRI imaging data of 88 clinically diagnosed AS patients. Sacroiliac joint lesions, spinal lesions, and associated spinal fractures were observed, and the affected locations and number of lesions were recorded. The detection rates of different grades of sacroiliac joint lesions were compared between X-ray and CT imaging, and the detection rates of bone erosion, sclerosis, and joint space changes between CT and MRI were calculated. The χ² test was used to compare differences in detection rates. Results Of the 88 patients, 87 (98.86%) had sacroiliac joint involvement. X-ray and CT images showed bilateral sacroiliac joint surface roughness, erosive destruction, marginal sclerosis, joint space widening or narrowing, and partial fusion or complete bony ankylosis of the sacroiliac joints. MRI of the sacroiliac joint was performed on 27 patients, and most showed bone erosion, bone marrow edema, fat deposition, and sclerosis. A few cases exhibited synovitis of the joint space, sacroiliac bursitis, enthesitis, or sacroiliac joint ankylosis with disappearance of the joint space. X-ray detection rates for grade Ⅰ lesions were higher than CT, but lower for grade Ⅱlesions (both P<0.05). CT had a higher detection rate for subchondral sclerosis compared to MRI (P<0.05). Sixty-five patients (73.86%) had spinal involvement, including 38 cases of spinal ankylosis. Twenty-four patients had spondylitis at vertebral corners (Romanus lesions), predominantly in the thoracolumbar and lumbar regions. Fifteen patients had intervertebral discitis (Andersson lesions), mainly affecting the mid-lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Spinal fractures were observed in 24 patients (27.27%), 14 had acute fractures, most commonly in the lower cervical spine (C5-7, 8 cases), while 10 had old fractures, all located in the thoracolumbar spine (most frequently T11-12, 3 cases). Conclusion The imaging manifestations of axial bone lesions in AS have certain characteristics. Spinal fractures in AS patients often involve the three columns of the spine and are prone to spinal cord injury and pseudarthrosis, which requires special attention.

With the gradual integration and development of medical imaging research and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, how imaging data can be more regulated and standardized is a key concern. Accurately labelling image data is at the heart of the problem, directly determining the efficacy of AI model applications. At present, AI technology has been applied to the study of Alzheimer’s disease and hippocampal atrophy，etc. To standardize the annotation and processing of amygdala-hippocampal MRI data, the Medical Imaging Committee of China Medical Women’s Association, together with experts in the fields of computer science and AI, has proposed preliminary guidelines for the annotation of amygdala-hippocampal MRI images through practical operations and repeated discussions. The consensus aims to unify data collection, annotation, and processing, provide a basis for the establishment of an image database for the disease, and promote the optimal application of AI technology.